- January 1: Albert II was crowned king of Hungary and Croatia in 1438.
- January 2: Italian painter Piero di Cosimo was born in 1462.
- January 3: Martin Luther was excommunicated in 1521.
- January 4: Amadeus VI of Savoy was born in 1334.
- January 5: Croatian poet Marko Marulić died in 1524.
- January 6: Philip of Swabia was crowned king of the Romans in 1205.
- January 7: Saint Lucian of Antioch was martyred in 312.
- January 8: Saint Severinus of Noricum died in 482.
- January 9: Marco Polo, Italian explorer, died in 1324.
- January 10: Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy, was born in 1480.
- January 11: Michelle of Valois, duchess of Burgundy, was born in 1395.
- January 12: Marie of Brabant, queen of France, died in 1322.
- January 13: St. Remy died in 533.
- January 14: Andrew III of Hungary died in 1301.
- January 15: Elizabeth I of England was crowned in 1559.
- January 16: Isaac Komnenos, son of a Byzantine Emperor, was born in 1093.
- January 17: Alfonso III of Aragon invaded Majorca in 1287.
- January 18: Tamar of Georgia died in 1213.
- January 19: Sten Sure the Younger, regent of Sweden, was mortally wounded in 1520.
- January 20: Byzantine emperor Theophilos died in 842.
- January 21: Pope Paschal II died in 1118.
- January 22h: Walter Raleigh was born in 1552 or 1554.
- January 23: St. Vincent Ferrar was born in 1350.
- January 24: Emperor Hadrian was born in 76.
- January 25: Lucas Cranach the Younger, German painter, died in 1586.
- January 26: Eadgyth of England, queen consort of Otto I, died in 946.
- January 27: Dante Alighieri was exiled from Florence in 1302.
- January 28: Henry VIII died in 1547.
- January 29: German composer Elias Ammerbach died in 1597.
- January 30: Roman empress Livia was born in 56BC.
- January 31: St Máedóc of Ferns died in 632.
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